Shifting Employment Landscapes: Comparative Growth Trends analysis in India's Public and Private Sectors (1984–2023)

Abstract

The study examines the changing employment landscape in India from 1984 to 2023, focusing on the differences between public and private sector employment in terms of stability and growth. Despite concerns about jobless growth, employment increased significantly, with a 36% rise between 2016–17 and 2022–23 alongside average GDP growth above 6.5%. The findings indicate that public sector employment remains relatively stable but contributes only a small share of total job creation, while private sector employment demonstrates greater growth and volatility. F-tests and T-tests are used to assess differences in employment stability and growth between the two sectors, supported by line charts showing year-wise trends. The study highlights India’s transition toward market-oriented employment and provides useful insights into the balance between job stability and employment growth for policymakers, economists, and job seekers.

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DOI & Citation